ASSALAMU ALAIKUM WR. WB.
BISMILLAH...
DIRECT &
INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
·
Definition : The message of the speaker is
conveyed or reported in his own actual words.
Actual words are quoted
She said to me, “I
am playing”.
So, the exact words of speaker are enclosed
in “ “.
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INDIRECT SPEECH
·
Definition : The message of the speaker is
conveyed or reported in our own actual words.
Actual
words are transformed
She said to me that she was playing.
Conjunction ‘that’ is added before the indirect
statement.
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Convert direct speech to indirect speech
There are 6 steps :
1. Identify
(Subject, Object,
1st,2nd,3rd peson, Reporting verb (RV), Tense}.
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2.
Change of RV (Reporting Verb) = Said
to => told
Said =>
said
Say to => tell
Says to => tells.
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3.
Replace “ ”with that.
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4.
Change of Pronoun = 1st (subject), 2nd (object),
3rd (no change).
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5.
Change of Tense
Present
Simple Present => Simple Past
Present Continous => Past Continous
Present Perfect => Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continous => Past Perfect Continous
Past
Simple Past => Past Perfect
Past Continous => Past Perfect Continous
Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continous => No Change
Future
Will => would
Shall => should
Can => could
May => might
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6.
Change of place and time
Now => Then Yesterday =>
The day before
Here => There Tonight => That night
Ago => Before
This
=> That
Today => That day
Tomorrow => The next day
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EXAMPLE
Tania said to me, “I am playing
football with you now”.
1.
Identify
Tania = Subject
Said to = Reporting Verb (RV)
Me = Object
I am = 1 st
You = 2nd
Tense = Present countinous
2.
Change of RV
Said to => Told
3.
Replace “ “ with that.
Tania told me that......
4.
Change of Pronoun.
“I am playing football with you
now”.
I => she
You => me
5.
Change of Tense
Present Continous => Past
Continous
am playing => was playing
6.
Change of place and time
Now => Then
FINALLY = Tania told me that she
was playing football with me then.
...THANK YOU...
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ALHAMDULILLAH
WASSALAMU
ALAIKUM WR.WB
